Essay 1984 Proles - 1028 Words

In the book â€Å"1984† written by George Orwell in 1948, the proles are presented as an impoverished, powerless and massive group of people. Nevertheless, they are free, unlike the rest of Oceania. They are not checked by the Party on what they do and think; therefore the proles are the only ones able to take Big Brother down. First of all, the word ‘prole’ has to be defined. The word prole derives from the word proletarian which means ‘a citizen of the lowest class’. The book 1984 describes the proles the same. They are old, unhealthy, working class people. The proles live in an abandoned area which is barely maintained. The neighbourhoods are very filthy and so cause many diseases. Furthermore, the proles that have been mentioned are†¦show more content†¦So should the proles in 1984, they could easily take down Big Brother: they include over 80 per cent of the society and so contain way more people than the Party does. Taking down the Party is not only in favour of the other classes, it would stop the occasional bombings, illnesses and poverty of the proles, too. The biggest problem is that they do not realise they can take the Party down, let alone what the Party is doing to society; â€Å"The proles, if only they could somehow become conscious of their own strength, would have no need to conspire. They needed only to rise up and shake themselves like a horse shaking off flies.† (page 72/73). This comparison the writer makes, â€Å"like a horse shaking off flies† contributes to the attention being given to the proles who need to take action, which Winston thinks is very important. It also forces the reader to create a mental vivid image of the proles rising up and become aware of their own strength just like a horse shaking off flies. The proles do not notice that they are the oppressed. That is exactly what the Party wants, because risking a revolt started by the proles would be way too dangerous for them. The Party gives the proles what they require: freedom, because they do not want the proles to start a revolt. They know they will lose the revolt if the proles would start one. Instead, they leave the proles alone and manipulate the higher classes. The higher classes would revolt against the Party because theyShow MoreRelatedSim ilarities Between 1984 And 1984963 Words   |  4 Pages1984 Essay Although modern society may not be a totalitarian society, 1984 reflects many of modern society’s circumstances. Such as psychological understanding, surveillance technology, and wealth distribution. As a result of this, the society of 1984 may not be as far off from today as would seem, from 1984 societys wealth to standard of living, both places share many similarities. Both 1984 and modern society has developed a deep psychological understanding. 1984 expressed this understandingRead MoreThe Way To Revolution In George Orwells 1984 Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesto Revolution in George Orwell’s 1984 Rebecca Solnit, a modern day author, essayist, and activist once wrote that â€Å"The revolution is waiting, but it doesn’t look like what people expected†. Revolution has been both glorified and criticized in human society, but no matter the cause, it is a fundamental change in the status quo. When revolution boils down, it comes to passion, but also the willingness of the few to take great risks for the many. George Orwell’s 1984 returns again and again to a struggleRead MoreGeneral Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell1514 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell George Orwells dystopian (a fictional place where people lead dehumanized and fearful lives) vision of the year 1984, as depicted in what many consider to be his greatest novel, has entered the collective consciousness of the English-speaking world more completely than perhaps any other political text, whether fiction or nonfiction. No matter how far our contemporary world may seem from 1984s Oceania, any suggestion of government surveillanceRead MoreThe Party’s Attitude Toward Love and Sexuality1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe Party’s attitude toward love and sexuality 1984 is a novel written by George Orwell, the main theme of the novel is about how totalitarian society can control every aspect of a person thought, sexuality and action. Totalitarianism can be define as a repressive one-party that has total control over people thoughts and actions. In 1984, people are being control totally by the Party through device such as the telescreen. People are stripped away from their freedom to do things that they want.Read MoreKarl Marx’S Philosophy Defines Specific Characteristics1596 Words   |  7 Pagesof the bourgeoisie, thus they manipulate and control politics, government, media, art, and education. Marx’s theory states that eventually the laborers will find power. Examining Huxley’s Brave New World, Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange, and Orwell’s 1984 through a Marxist lens gives an appreciation and awareness of the division between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, the economic and political power struggles be tween the two groups, and the dehumanizing conditioning tactics the powerful use toRead MoreEssay on Analysis of George Orwells 19844218 Words   |  17 PagesAnalysis of George Orwells 1984 War Is Peace. Freedom Is Slavery. Ignorance Is Strength. The party slogan of Ingsoc illustrates the sense of contradiction which characterizes the novel 1984. That the book was taken by many as a condemnation of socialism would have troubled Orwell greatly, had he lived to see the aftermath of his work. 1984 was a warning against totalitarianism and state sponsored brutality driven by excess technology. Socialist idealism in 1984 had turned to a total loss ofRead MoreEssay about 1984 and Brave New World1304 Words   |  6 Pages1984 and Brave New World Undoubtedly, the thought of living in, or forming a utopian society has flashed through nearly every person’s mind. A few people have even tried to make this ideal dream society a reality. Unfortunately, within the pursuit of these societies the leaders become corrupt and begin to become paranoid with the fear of rebellion. Hundreds of people were murdered during the reigns of Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin in what they considered measures to maintain peace and stabilityRead MoreV for Vendetta/ 1984 Comparison2315 Words   |  10 PagesComparative Essay Assignment 1984 And V for Vendetta George Washington once said, â€Å"Government is not reason; it is not eloquent; it is force. Like fire it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master.† George Orwell’s satirical novel 1984 is based on the life of Party member Winston Smith, a free thinker, and his battle to restore humanity that has been snatched from the residents of Oceani0a since the totalitarian rule of Big Brother. V for Vendetta, a satirical film directed by James McTeigueRead MoreEssay 19841695 Words   |  7 PagesChoose one of the following essay topics and write a well-developed essay (no less than two typed pages, double-spaced in 12 pt. standard font such as Roman Times or Georgia). This essay is due the first day of school. 1. Describe Winston’s character as it relates to his attitude toward the Party. In what ways might his fatalistic streak contribute to his ultimate downfall? Cite examples from the text to prove your opinions. 2. How does technology affect the Party’s ability to control its citizensRead MoreRebellion In 1984 Essay1854 Words   |  8 Pagesglorified and criticized in human society, but no matter the cause, it is a fundamental change in the status quo. When revolution boils down, it comes to passion, but also the willingness of the few to take great risks for the many. George Orwell’s 1984 returns again and again to a struggle with the concept of rebellion, especially against an oppressive government force like The Party. Does one take the chance of moving forward, or stay stagnant in their current situation? As readers follow Winston

Prison culture Free Essays

Encounter and Synthesis You will conduct an in-depth, I-hour interview with an individual or married couple from your selected cultural group to develop an understanding of the cultural factors that helped shape that individual’s (or couple’s) cultural identity. A variety of Issues may be explored in the Interview. The knowledge you gained from Parts 1 and 2, as well as your sense of the person/couple you Interview, will gulled you in how personal you can get with your questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Prison culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cultural groups and Individuals ray on how private they are. SE their feedback regarding what areas you can probe. If the person is very open, go deeper. If not, then respect that cultural boundary and ask yourself why this boundary is there. Issues that you may wish to explore during the interview include, but are not limited to, the following: 1. Early childhood experiences and parental values 2. Earliest memories of recognizing membership in a culturally different group 3. The role of religion/spirituality 4. Immigration experiences 5. Similarities/differences between couples’ interactions in the U. S. Compared to in he person’s original culture 6. School experiences as a member of a cultural minority 7. Experiences with subtle racism or discrimination 8. Experiences with overt racism or discrimination 9. Ways the person/couple chose his/her/their career(s) or made career choices 10. The experience of being culturally different 1 1 . Attitudes about the â€Å"majority culture 12. Extent of desire to assimilate majority cultural attitudes, values, and lifestyles 13. Feelings of oppression 14. Feelings of anger toward majority culture 15. From the person’s/couple’s own cultural background, are there any racist attitudes toward or stereotyping of individuals from other particular cultures? 6. Strengths identified from the person’s/couple’s cultural background that help him/ her/them cope with living in the U. S. Once your Interview Is done, you will answer the questions below. Read all the questions before you begin so you will not repeat yourself. First person may be used in your answers. While this i s not a regular academic paper (since it can be in outline form, consists of answering questions, and can be in first persons you must observe correct and current PAP style (1†³ margins, h† indents of paragraphs, everything bubble-spaced, correct citation style if used, etc. ). How to cite Prison culture, Papers

Accounting tax Calculating Capital Gains

Question: Discuss about the Accounting tax for Calculating Capital Gains. Answer The capital gain can be said as an increase in the amount of capital asset or investment that provides a higher value than the purchased price. The profit is not calculated until the asset is sold. The capital gain can be calculated by using one of the three methods as mentioned. Discount method is the first method which can be applied after 1 year before the commencement of the capital gain tax event. Method of indexation is the other process. The indexation method can be applied for calculating capital gain if a capital gain tax happened to an asset which was acquired before 11.45 am as per the legal time in the ACT, on 21st September. The asset should be owned for 12 months or more. The process of residual is the last and final method for calculating capital gain. The method can be used for any asset if it is kept for less than 12months. By following these three methods only, the estimation of capital gain tax can be done. There are some items which are excluded while calculating the profit and loss of capital gain assets. The things are: The properties which are brought before 20th September, 1985 are to be excluded from profit acquired by selling of capital assets and the assets are- automobiles, amount spent on repairing harms, family land selling and any articles which he has bought for 500 dollars or less than that Set off and carrying onwards of harms which are acquired from capital gain Long term capital loss- the loss can be found against long term capital gains. For this objective, any other set off cannot be used. It can be taken forward for many years. Only against the long term capital loss it can be applied. Short term capital loss- this method can be used on the long term capital loss or in the same short term capital loss. It can be often used for many assessment years in future. It can be applicable for both the short term gain and long term gain. (A)The question provides information about a man, Mr. Dave Solomon. This man has been living there for more than 30 years in a two floor building. For 70, 000 dollars he bought the building. The building was sold by him at about 8, 50, 000 dollars in the same year on 27th June. The house was actually sold at an auction. The buyer at first gave an advance amount of 85, 000 dollars for buying the house. Later on, when he purchased the house, he came to realize that he has lost all his savings and then he denied to purchase the building. Hence, the amount taken is considered as secured money for that building. So, it can be observed that the amount which he got is referred to as income generated from different sources. Calculation of capital gain determination of capital gain amount of selling the house 8, 65, 000 dollars this amount has been excluded as seen from the definition of the CST I.E Family home exemptions Calculated Long Term Caital Gain Nil (B) A picture of pro- Hart was bought at an amount of 15,000 dollars on 20th September, 1985. The same piece of portrait was given for sale for about 1, 25, 000 dollars. So, the capital gain can be calculated as: Price of selling 1, 25, 000 dollars Deduced value: recorded cost of purchase 15,000*123.4/71.3 25,961 dollars EstimatedLong Term Capital Gain 150,961 dollars (C) An expensive motor car was bought with an amount of 1, 10, 000 dollars in the late 2004. In the same current year, the car was purchased by a local boat broker at an amount of 60, 000 dollars on 1st June. Hence, for this case the capital gain can be calculated as: Selling price 60, 000 dollars Deduced amount: recorded cost of purchase 1, 10, 000 dollars Calculated Long Term Capital Loss 50,000 dollars (D) A parcel of shares was sold by him to a newly formed mining organization foe the cost of about 80, 000 dollars, on 5th June of the same financial year. He bought those shares at an amount of 75, 000 dollars on 10th January on the same year. He has to give interest on the loan of amount 5, 000 dollars. He gave 750 dollars as the brokerage amount for purchasing these shares and he paid 250 dollars as stamp duty fees for purchasing the shares. As illustrated in the income tax law, giving interest on the amount of loan is not taken under as part of the acquisition. So, the interest on the amount of loan has not been involved. Part- A So, capital gain for this case is: Sale operation amounts 80, 000 dollars Deducted: Brokerage amount 750 dollars Deducted: Prices of acquisition 250 dollars Deducted: Stamp duty fees 250 dollars Calculated Short Term Capital Loss 4,000 dollars So, capital gain calculated for the following year is: By selling the residential land, the long term capital gain found to be as NIL dollars The long term capital gain calculated by selling of the portrait is 1, 50, 000 dollars The long term capital gain estimated by selling it to Boat is 50, 000 dollars Short term capital gain calculated by selling all shares is 4, 000 dollars CalculatedLong Term Capital Gain 1, 04, 961 dollars At the last of the year, which is 30th June of the earlier year, the tax return value for Mr. Dave gives that 10, 000 dollars were his total capital loss after selling all the shares. So, it can be added to the years long term capital gain. So, for the following year average long term capital gain can be calculated as 1, 04, 961 dollars 10, 000 dollars= 94, 961 dollars Part- B The net capital gain is a total gain of a year, excluding total capital loss and any capital gain tax discount. Capital gain tax is covered under an assessable income of an assess and the profit which he got be selling of the capital assets he should pay the tax in that year only. So, it was observed that Mr. Dave gained profits. He had to maintain documents of all the transactions and expenses he had made. All the costs like interest on loans, litigation fees and brokerage fees are to be maintained. Part- C The total capital loss, including loss of previous year minus total capital gains. No time limit is there for taking it onward the net capital loss. In this case, if Dave does not have any positive capital gain then he will have to sell his assets or take loan for paying his personal superannuation funds. He will have to bought a residence in city on rent and have to eliminate tax- free money from his own superannuation fund, when he will attain 60 years of age in next year August. First part A bathtub producing company, named as Periwinke Pty. Ltd. is also involved in selling the bathtubs. His company gave Emma a car on 1st May, 2005 as because her work is more laborious and she had to travel everywhere. The car can be used for personal purposes also. For months, 1st May 2015 to 31st March, 2016 she utilized her car for covering distance of 10, 000 kilometers. She gave 550 dollars for repairing. The car was placed at the airport for about ten days. The car remained untouched for about 5 days. Company provided 5, 00, 000 dollars loan to Emma on 1st September with an interest rate of 4.45%. with that money she purchased a holiday home worth 4, 50, 000 dollars and rest of the amount she gave to her husband for his use. So, it can be said that, Emma bought the bathtub at 13, 000 dollars which was sold to general public at 2600 dollars. Fringe benefit tax- This tax is paid by employers on the benefits they provide to their employees which includes benefits to their family members nad salary packages. It is entirely different from the income tax. Some things are excluded in this tax rule which are- Loans Monet spent on work Car profit provided by company Housing allowance Fringe benefit tax are associated to loans, costs, transportation costs and others. The car if provided to an employee for about less than three months, the fringe benefit tax cannot be determined. Emma is also bound to pay the taxes. The car is assumed to be in use if not found in the employees house. Fringe benefit tax can be estimated by using two ways- Cost basis method Statutory formula application As per the question, Common value of the car 33, 000 dollars Number of days the car gave the tax= 335- 5= 3 dollars Taxable value $33000*20%*330/365 5,967 dollars Less amount acquired by Emma 550 dollars FRINGE BENEFIT TAX 5,417 dollars Treatment Of Loan Provided By Employer to Employee at a Lower Rate of interest The fringe benefit taxes will only be applicable if the organization will be providing the employee loan at small interest rate. If the employee gets loan at a very low interest rate or at a value which is lower than benchmark then, in that case the fringe benefit tax can be calculated as: The benchmark rate of interest is found to be 5.95% but the organization gave the loan at an interest of about 4.45%. So, fringe benefit tax is estimated as: 5,00,000* 1.50% = $7,500 As seen Emma used her some amount of money in purchasing home and remaining was given to her husband. Emma obtained 4, 50, 000 dollars for doing works related to house and so, the taxable value comes to the same as 7, 500 dollars. Part- B Later, if Emma utilizes her whole money in doing her personal works. She spends it on purchasing property with an amount of 4, 50, 000 dollars and buying the shares at 50, 000 dollars. Fringe benefit tax is found to be: 1. The taxable data of the fringe loan profit without the other deducted value $7,5005,00,000*1.50% 2. Assume that the loan was interest-free and neglect any interest charged $29,750$5,00,000*5.95% 3. Now when the employee paid same amount of taxable value as that of given interest$ 29,750*10/100 $2,975 4. Now look at the main situation if employee is being asked forcibly to pay interest on loan$5,00,000*4.45%*10% of $2,225 5. Subtract iii-iv $2,975-$2,225 = $750 6. Taxable value i-v 7500-750 $6,750 Debt waiver fringe benefit As seen from the case provided, Emma purchased a bathtub at a cost of about 1, 300 dollars which was to be sold to other publics at 2, 600 dollars. So, as calculated the differing value is- 2600 dollars- 1300 dollars= 1300 dollars. 1300 dollars is the fringe benefit liability. References Athanasiou, A., 2015. Acounting for tax: To deal or not to deal at arm's length. Calculating and paying capital gains tax. [online] Help and guidance. Available at: https://learn.nab.com.au/calculating-and-paying-capital-gains-tax/ [Accessed 19 May 2016]. Calculating Capital Gains Tax - the basics for Australian investors | deListed Australia. [online] Delisted.com.au. Available at: https://www.delisted.com.au/capital-gains-tax/basics [Accessed 19 May 2016]. Capital gains tax | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Ato.gov.au. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/ [Accessed 19 May 2016].Capital gains tax. [Canberra]: Australian Taxation Office. Dixon, J.M. and Nassios, J., 2016. Modelling the Impacts of a Cut to Company Tax in Australia (No. g-260). Victoria University, Centre of Policy Studies/IMPACT Centre.Emery, J. (2016). Decoding the Regulatory Enigma: How Australian Regulators Should Respond to the Tax Challenges Presented by Bitcoin. Tax and Transfer Policy Institute Working Paper-1/2016. Geljic, S., Koustas, H. and Burke, D., 2016. Small business restructure roll-over. Taxation in Australia, 50(7), p.404.Global Property Guide. 2016. Australia capital gains tax rates, and property income tax. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Pacific/Australia/Taxes-and-Costs. [Accessed 19 May 2016]. Hulse, K. and Burke, T., 2015. Private rental housing in Australia: Political inertia and market change. Housing in 21st-Century Australia: People, Practices and Policies, p.139. J., 2011. Tax for Australians for dummies. Richmond, Vic.: John Wiley Sons Australia Jin, L., n.d.Capital Gain Tax Overhang and Price Pressure. SSRN Electronic Journal. McClure, R., Lanis, R. and Govendir, B., 2016. Analysis of Tax Avoidance Strategies of Top Foreign Multinationals Operating in Australia: An Expose. T., J., 1959. Capital Gain. Science, 129(3363), pp.1583-1583. The taxation of capital gains . 2016. The taxation of capital gains . [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.taxpayer.com.au/KnowledgeBase/10080/Individuals-Tax-Super/Capital_gains. [Accessed 19 May 2016]

OedipusWhen Bad Things Happen To Good People Essays - Oedipus

Oedipus:When Bad Things Happen To Good People Autumn xxxx English 102 April 6, 2000 When Bad Things Happen to Good People The true Greek tragedy, Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles (496-406 B.C.), adheres to Aristotles (384-322 B.C.) definition of a tragedy. The first criterion of a Greek tragedy is that the protagonist be a good person; doubly blessed with a good heart and noble intention. Sophocles reveals immediately at the start of the play that Oedipus is such a man. As is common in the Greek tragedy Oedipus is also an aristocrat. Born of the King and Queen of Thebes he is of true nobility. Oedipus on the other-hand believes his parents are the King and Queen of Corinth. Oedipus was abandoned as a baby and adopted by them. Because that information is known to the audience, and not to Oedipus prior to the start of the play, it is a perfect example of tragic irony because when he declares that he will find the murderer he is the man that he pursues. Here he is told by Tiresias,? I say you are the murderer you hunt? (1235). The theme of Oedipus the King is not clear-cut. The theme in this tragic play seems to be you can?t escape your fate. Contentment leads to ignorance as Oedipus lends fate a hand in his bitter end. This trait is touched-on in these lines spoken by Creon. ?Look at you, sullen in yielding, brutal in your rage- you'll go too far. It's perfect justice: natures like yours are hardest on themselves?(Sophocles 1242-1243). Oedipus is a true hero in the Greek tragedy. He has the fate of the community in his hands along with the noble character to take care of it himself. He announces his convictions to take this problem into his own hands and do whatever is necessary to lift the curse. Oedipus addresses the priests assembled before him, ? You can trust me; I am ready to help, I'll do anything (Sophocles 1225). The city has this faith in him and the priest come to tell him so he will help them lift the curse. ?Now we pray to you. You cannot equal the gods, your children know that...But we do rate you first of men,?(1226). He also appears to have Apollo's ear, which makes him seem all-powerful to the audience; this is another standard of the classic Greek tragedy. Oedipus told his people, ?After painful search I found one cure: I acted at once. I sent Creon, my wife's own brother, to Delphi-Apollo the Prophet's oracle- to learn what I might do or say to save our city? (1226). Following Aristotle's qualifications of the tragic hero Oedipus does have a tragic flaw as is standard in the Greek tragedy. Oedipus has a character flaw that brings his end. Although it cannot be summed-up in one word there is evidence that his flaw may be ignorance or blindness to his own fate. This ignorance unearths a pride that is revealed though out the play. As when Oedipus tells the chorus/city' ?You pray to the gods? Let me grant your prayers? (1231). Oedipus is too content with himself and his life to see his end coming. He throws caution to the wind when he kills a man who is old enough to be his father. This was done shortly after he had gone to see Apollo.?-and the god Apollo spurned me, sent me away denied the facts I came for, but first he flashed before my eyes a future great with pain, terror, disaster-I can hear him cry,' You are fated to couple with your mother...you will kill your father, the one who gave you life? (1246)! Oedipus goes to great lengths to keep his fate from being played-out. He thinks running away will stop his role in things to come. And in his marriage to an older woman, he seems to tempt fate by not questioning his choice, when he knows there were doubts about his being a true blood relation to his parents. This is revealed to the audience when Oedipus says, ?Some man at a banquet who had drunk too much shouted out-he was far gone mind you-that I am not my father's son?

Gastornis (Diatryma) - Facts and Figures

Gastornis (Diatryma) - Facts and Figures Name: Gastornis (Greek for Gastons bird); pronounced gas-TORE-niss; also known as Diatryma Habitat: Woodlands of Western Europe, North America, and eastern Asia Historical Epoch: Late Paleocene-Middle Eocene (55-45 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet tall and a few hundred pounds Diet: Unknown; probably herbivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Short, powerful legs and beak; squat trunk About Gastornis First things first: the flightless prehistoric bird we now know as Gastornis used to be called Diatryma (Greek for through a hole), the name by which it was recognized by generations of schoolchildren. After examining some fossil specimens unearthed in New Mexico, the famous American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope coined the name Diatryma in 1876, not knowing that a more obscure fossil hunter, Gaston Plante, had bestowed his own name on this genus a couple of decades earlier, in 1855, based on a set of bones discovered near Paris. With true scientific evenhandedness, the name of this bird gradually reverted back to Gastornis in the 1980s, generating almost as much confusion as the roughly contemporary switch from Brontosaurus to Apatosaurus. Naming conventions aside, at six feet tall and a few hundred pounds Gastornis was far from the biggest prehistoric bird that ever livedthat honor belongs to the half-ton Aepyornis, the Elephant Birdbut it may have been one of the most dangerous, with a tyrannosaur-like profile (powerful legs and head, puny arms) that demonstrates how evolution tends to fit the same body shapes into the same ecological niches. (Gastornis first popped up in the northern hemisphere about 10 million years after the dinosaurs went extinct, during the late Paleocene and early Eocene epochs). Even worse, if Gastornis was capable of pack hunting, one imagines that it could depopulate an ecosystem of small animals in no time flat! Theres a major problem with this pack-hunting scenario, however: lately, the weight of the evidence is that Gastornis was a herbivore rather than a carnivore. Whereas early illustrations of this bird depicted it munching on Hyracotherium (the tiny prehistoric horse previously known as Eohippus), a chemical analysis of its bones points to a plant-eating diet, and its massive skull has been reinterpreted as ideal for crunching tough vegetation rather than flesh. Tellingly, Gastornis also lacked the hooked beak characteristic of later meat-eating birds, such as Phorusrhacos, aka the Terror Bird, and its short, stubby legs would have been little use chasing prey through the rough underbrush of its environment. Aside from its numerous fossils, Gastornis is one of the few prehistoric birds to be associated with what appear to be its own eggs: shell fragments recovered from western Europe have been reconstructed as oblong, rather than round or ovoid, eggs measuring nearly 10 inches long and four inches in diameter. The putative footprints of Gastornis have also been discovered in France and in Washington state, and a pair of what are believed to be Gastornis feathers have been recovered from the Green River fossil formation in the western U.S. As prehistoric birds go, Gastornis clearly had an unusually widespread distribution, a clear indication (no matter the details of its diet) that it was well-adapted to its place and time.

Advice I Often Receive From Parents Essays - Chitto Harjo

Advice I Often Receive From Parents A piece of advice that I often receive is "as long as you do your best." This refers to success in everything from school to careers. I believe that this is good advice because it tells me that they trust my judgment and will respect my decisions, even if they are the wrong ones. This helps to take pressure off of me when I am going to school because I don't have to live up to certain standards and try to accomplish goals that are unattainable. Instead, I can just worry about doing the best I can. It is possible that I may have a career that is not the highest paying or the most prestigious. But as long as I am happy, and I do the job to the best of my ability, I will feel like I have accomplished something. This is good because many kids have to live up to expectations that they can't attain, or do something that they don't really enjoy in order to make their parents proud. The problem with saying "as long as you do you best" is that when I know I could have done a better job, I have a sort of guilty feeling. I hate it when I get a mediocre mark or fail in something and my parents say "as long as you tried your hardest." It gets quite annoying when I second guess myself about what I could have done. However, when I know I did the work as well as I could and it isn't a good mark, I don't worry about it as much as some people might. In conclusion, the piece of advice that I receive most often from my parents is basically a good one, and often it keeps me motivated in the things I do. It also shows me that my parents will support most of my decisions and treat me like a responsible person. I believe that somewhere along the line I will probably pass along the advice "as long as you did your best" to my children.

Contract law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Contract law - Coursework Example The paper defines a contract as an agreement between two parties or corporations that creates legally binding obligations and rights as pertains to the concerned entities. Contracts form the bulwark of communication, understanding and conducting business between two entities: individuals, or Business Corporation. Parties to a contract need to be very sure of the requirements of the contract and their stake in the endeavor, otherwise, they stand to lose financially extensively. This therefore means that for a contract to be sound: it has to involve two parties, there has to have been an agreement reached by the two parties and the contract must create legally binding rights and obligations. Litigation against a fellow passing by customer is invalid. To begin with, there is no contract arrived at by Arju and the fellow customer. Law defines their agreement as idem (mind agreement) but not a contract that is legally binding to both parties. This translates that litigation against the fe llow customer is null and void. This is since the customers’ information is not reliable and also the fellow customer has no duty of care towards Arju, this shield him from any litigation as a result of the information rendered to Arju and the consequences thereafter.Secondly, Arju cannot succeed in suing the fellow customer for compensation on the basis of caveat emptor (buyer beware). This is affirmed in a court ruling involving Smith v Hughes involving the sale of oats between the litigating parties. The plaintiff exhibited oats for the defendant to sample prior to the actual purchase and the defendant never complained. However, upon delivering the oats to the defendant, the defendant rejected them on the prospect that they were old and the plaintiff sued the defendant for compensation. In an appeal hearing, it was ruled that the seller acted in the best of interest and the buyer should have been aware of the shortfalls of contracts and not blame it on the seller. The cour t therefore revoked the litigation by the buyer. On this basis, by the fellow customer merely suggesting that Arju purchases the AK 47 water squirt as the ideal power washer, the liability for its non performance did not befall him. Arju should have been more careful and have adequate information on the best power washer and also be aware of the shortcomings of the power washer he was compelled to buy. It is evident that litigation against the fellow customer by Arju would not be successful2. A2. A sales assistant from the home decorating department who assures Arju that the store sells quality equipment, yet he has received over 200 faulty equipments in the past four hours Arju would successfully file litigation against the home decorating department assistant on the basis of misrepresentation. This is since the misrepresentation by the home decorating assistant has the four qualifications for a successful compensation to Arju as will be outlined. To begin with, the misrepresentati on was a statement. This statement is classified as a half truth as held by Lord Justice James in Arkwright v Newbold3 where he asserted that even if everything previously said is true but some information id left out, it qualifies to a false statement and consequently to misrepresentation. Even where the participants in the negotiations have no direct relationship with each other,

Processes for the study of tissues Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Processes for the study of tissues - Lab Report Example i) For hardening to occur it is necessary to dehydrate the tissue as paraffin wax used as an embedding substance is immiscible in water. Dehydration is done by passing the tissue sample through very high concentrations of ethanol.  ii) Histo-clear is a clearing substance which offers rapid clearing at a low cost. It has also offered a way out of the adverse effects of breathing xylene while preparing slides. It also offers the tissue the right amount of hardness and produces better staining.iii) Unstained tissues lack inherent contrast and thus it is almost impossible to clearly view them in any microscope, be it light or electron.iv) Nuclei are stained blue while cytoplasm is stained pink) Periodic Acid-Schiff stain is used to detect different carbohydrates. Periodic acid oxidizes diol group forming aldehydes which on reaction with Schiff stain gives purple-magenta color. Duodenum contains an abundance of goblet cells which have a very high percentage of mucus containing glycoprot ein. This will results in a purple-magenta color on staining with periodic acid Schiff stain.At any instance, the person should be respected whether the research is for new medical treatment or studying people habits. The autonomy should be foremost respected. Research should maximize benefits and minimize harms. In addition to this independent panels should be established who shall first review the research methodology and judge the benefits and harms to humans. Most importantly any kind of deception should be avoided at all costs.

The different stories Essay Example for Free

The different stories Essay The protagonists from the different stories all seem to have their changes or their epiphanies occur quite quickly. These changes are not brought about by lengthy self-reflection or deep pondering, instead, they occur, seemingly, in a flash, as a series of events seem to suddenly open their eyes. For example, Robert, from â€Å"Cathedral†, goes through a long narration of explaining the hows and the whys of the main event in the story (the visit of his wife’s blind friend) before, finally, expressing his realization in just nine words at the very end of the story. To be more specific with regard to Robert’s case, we see how, in much of the story, he talks not so much about himself as a person – a husband, a friend, etc – but as merely someone who is annoyed by an unwanted visitor. Robert talks much of his wife (with not a lot of affection, take note) and her friend, but he does not talk about himself, only reiterating again and again his annoyance and discomfort. This method of writing distances the readers from Robert and makes him an unsympathetic character who readers may not appreciate. This technique actually strengthens his epiphany, and, in a way, makes it an epiphany of the readers as well. When Robert said â€Å"I didn’t feel like I was inside anything† (Carver), the reader, along with Robert, also realize that though Robert is the one telling the story, he seems not to be in the story as an important character himself. Robert was in his house, yes, but he was not â€Å"in† a relationship with his wife as seen by their strangely cold exchanges (for example the dialogue about Beulah); he was not â€Å"in† any friendly relationships [â€Å"You don’t have any friends,† she said. â€Å"Period. † ( (Carver)]; and he had no connection with the blind man either. In â€Å"Good Country People†, the change in Hulga is abrupt as well. The cold, rude, disconnected and â€Å"intellectual† big blonde moves from self-confidence and self-possession into fear, anger, and panic as soon as she loses that which â€Å"she was as sensitive about (†¦) as a peacock about his tail† (OConnor, Good Country People). Earlier in the story, Hulga is portrayed as a woman who is cold and out-of-touch with the world she lives in because she thinks that her education has separated and made her better than those in her vicinity. She paints herself as someone who cannot be touched by any emotions because, in Hulga’s own words: â€Å"I don’t have illusions. I’m one of those people who see through to nothing† (OConnor, Good Country People). And yet when she loses her artificial leg, suddenly, Hulga is no longer confident or fierce or composed; she is dependent and weak and afraid (â€Å"Her voice when she spoke had an almost pleading sound† (OConnor, Good Country People)). We see with Hulga how all her confidence and brusqueness was stored in that artificial leg and, therefore, with its sudden loss came her sudden change. Lastly, in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find†, the grandmother is the one whom we see changed. Indeed her change from being a rather selfish old lady (as in sneaking the Pitty Sing into the car and deciding not to own up to her realization of her mistake), is given a 360-degree turn in the face of her own mortality. Even her interaction with The Misfit shows her change. In their first encounter she tries to flatter him , in order to save her life; she says to him â€Å"I know youre a good man. You dont look a bit like you have common blood. I know you must come from nice people! (OConnor, A Good Man is Hard to Find). However, at the mention of talk and prayer, the grandmother suddenly becomes aware of something beyond her picture of him as just a killer and she tells him â€Å"Why youre one of my babies. Youre one of my own children! (OConnor, A Good Man is Hard to Find). This part allows us to see how the grandmother has gone beyond her own self and has acknowledged the humanity of The Misfit, even though he is the eventual death of her. Works Cited Carver, Raymond. Cathedral. 30 July 2009 http://www. ndsu. nodak. edu/instruct/cinichol/GovSchool/Cathedral2. htm. OConnor, Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find. 30 July 2009 http://www. turksheadreview. com/library/texts/oconnor-goodmanhard. html. OConnor, Flannery. Good Country People. 30 July 2009

Tradegy in Greek Literature :: essays research papers

Tragedy in Greek Literature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When one hears the word tragedy, they might think of someone dying in a car wreck, being killed in a plane crash, or even a massive tsunami that wipes out nations. This type of tragedy is the most common, but when referring to Greek literature, a tragedy is an outstanding piece of drama originating in Ancient Greece. Greek tragedy originated in honor of the god of wine, Dionysus, the patron god of tragedy. The performance took place in an open-air theater. The work tragedy is derived from the word â€Å"tragedia† or â€Å"goat song.† Aristotle said, â€Å"Tragedy is largely based on life’s pity and splendor (Lucas).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greek tragedy would not be complete with out a tragic hero. Sophocles, the great writer of tragedy, wrote of noble and courageous heroes with specific â€Å"tragic flaws† that lead the hero to his downfall. In Aristotle’s analysis of Greek tragedy he states, â€Å"Greek tragedy has an effect on the audience called â€Å"catharsis,† or purging of the emotions (Mcavoy).† The two specific emotions that Sophocles provokes are pity and fear. Sophocles wrote Antigone with a specific character in mind for this noble hero. Creon fits the image of the hero with the â€Å"tragic flaw.† Creon is significant because he is the king. The hard decisions that Creon is faced with, is what makes him fit Aristotle’s image of a tragic hero. Creon faced decisions that lead to a no-win situation. He believes that Polyneices should not be buried because he was a traitor to his family. This decision affected Antigone greatly, and Creon knew that the decision would be hard on some people. Family and burials are very important in society, and Creon is asking Antigone to not consider them, to only consider that Polyneices was a traitor to his home city. Creon is then faced with the knowledge that Antigone went against his will and law, and buried her brother. Again, Creon is faced with a hard decision. He must choose to kill his own family member and uphold the law, or punish her less severely and show that he is not serious about death as a punishment to his law. Creon doesn’t want to show weakness, even for family, but he doesn’t want to kill Antigone, who is not only his niece and sister, but engaged to his son. The final decision that Creon must make is whether or not to revoke his death sentence on Antigone.

Language Learning in Early Childhood Essay

Early childhood education and early schooling for young children usually starts at the age of three; however, language learning for all human begins at the very early age. Many new born babies start to communicate with meaningless words like pa and ba; perhaps, it is the first stage they want to begin learning how to speak. The question arises with a grappling impression of why it happens, and what pushes them to superfluously generalize those meaningless sounds. The reason behind this amazing issue is what has engaged many psychologists and linguists all over the area of language research projects around the world. Beginning to simply answer this question, Lightbown and Spata (2010), state that in very early stages children produce a specific group of repeated words to convey their thoughts: for example, a comfortable baby frequently repeats cooing and gurgling; however it is not the case with a hungry child. Moreover, they assert that the process of learning to communicate falls into different sequential stages, which is the focus of this paper. According to Lightbown and Spata (2010), as children grow up, the sense for communication eagerly start to discover many features of the language that gives them the idea of how meaning relationships are created through the language. A twelve years old month baby exactly knows the meaning of cookies; he/she is still unable to use an appropriate language to ask questions about that. To state the matter differently, the linguistic cognitive development gradually unfolds the puzzle of how language is manipulated to express ideas. Many children who could not produce correct grammatical utterances, they would learn that in later years as they hear complete sentences from the environment they live. Vygotsky (1976) (citing Lightbown and Spata, 2010), believes that a great deal of children language is acquired through interactions with families and friends; however, B. F Skinner, and American psychologist, explain the acquisition of language in term of behaviorism that marks learning of a language as practice of reproducing what children hear or receive in daily conversation. In addition to these two theories, Noam Chomsky, a well-known figure in linguistics; argue that children are innately capable of learning language; though, the surrounded environment provides them with fundamental contributions that help them learn the basic language rules. Although learning a language is a natural process, but things get worst if we think about negative aspects of language acquisition. In attachment with some biological types of obstacles in acquiring a language like deafness, articulatory problems, and dyslexia, there is one last hurdle oppositely functioning in course of language learning, which is called bilingualism. Children who face a different language during school periods, it is too difficult for them to maintain their first language, and they often lose the normal range of their native language. In this case, children are said to be caught in a confusing dilemma. They haven’t completely learned their native language not have been learning the other one. â€Å"To deal with the problem, we suggest the maintenance of the first language while a second language is being learned† (Lightbown and Spata. 2010, p 26). Indeed, it is concluded that language learning is a series of interconnected stages which is progressed within the first three years of child’s age. Many psychologists and Linguists have presented different ideas about language acquisition; however, they only partially understand about how language is learned. Besides, since Language is a social phenomenon, it must be the result of some interactive means of communication between human beings. Children have some kind of innate capacities that predispose them not only learn their native language but also enables them to learn languages that are spoken in the place they live.

Neoclassical Architecture

The Founding Fathers of the United States, especially the classically educated Thomas Jefferson, chose Neoclassicism as the country’s national architectural style as it is the amalgamation of all the ideals that the Founding Fathers had fought for in their journey to independence from their colonizers (â€Å"The Federal Style†).   Classical architecture was first inspired by the Greeks and later adopted by the Romans for their own unique designs when they conquered Greece (â€Å"Roman Architecture†). The great ancient society of Rome was specifically the inspiration of the newly formed America.   Rome to the United States was the epitome of a myriad of aspects such as its government, education, and the arts (â€Å"The Federal Style†).The neoclassical style of architecture which started in the mid-18th century in America  conveyed a forward thinking approach for the coming 19th century (â€Å"The Federal Style†).   In general neoclassical sty le displays symbolisms of democracy and philosophy (â€Å"The Classical†). When it was adopted by the Americans it evoked an analogy of young America to imperial Rome aiming to emulate the latter’s greatness (â€Å"Neoclassical architecture,†Ã‚   2006).I definitely believe that architecture can convey a message to the viewer as powerfully as a painting can.   Although it is often called â€Å"frozen music† or â€Å"mute poetry†, it does not mean they are totally void of meanings or implied ideas. They may not be explicit or literal in their message but architecture can still allude to nature.   Notice how the Sydney Opera House in Australia echoes the sails surrounding it. Architecture is unique in that the form cannot be separated from function especially in modern architecture.  The form itself communicates ideas or meanings even in their pristine state.   For example, a horizontal line is associated with a line where earth and sky meets or a reclining figure connotes stability, restfulness, peace.   Warm colors evoke the sun, fire, or summer, whereas cool colors suggest their opposites.ReferencesThe Classical Temple Architecture and Symbols of Washington, DC. N.d. STOPTHEThe Federal Style. (n.d.). holycross.edu. Retrieved 04 December 2006 from theNeoclassical architecture. (2006). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved December  4, 2006,from Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: https://www.britannica.com/art/Neoclassical-architectureRoman architecture.   Wikipedia: The Free Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04 December2006 from the Web: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_architecture Neoclassical Architecture The Founding Fathers of the United States, especially the classically educated Thomas Jefferson, chose Neoclassicism as the country’s national architectural style as it is the amalgamation of all the ideals that the Founding Fathers had fought for in their journey to independence from their colonizers (â€Å"The Federal Style†).   Classical architecture was first inspired by the Greeks and later adopted by the Romans for their own unique designs when they conquered Greece (â€Å"Roman Architecture†). The great ancient society of Rome was specifically the inspiration of the newly formed America.   Rome to the United States was the epitome of a myriad of aspects such as its government, education, and the arts (â€Å"The Federal Style†).The neoclassical style of architecture which started in the mid-18th century in America  conveyed a forward thinking approach for the coming 19th century (â€Å"The Federal Style†).   In general neoclassical sty le displays symbolisms of democracy and philosophy (â€Å"The Classical†). When it was adopted by the Americans it evoked an analogy of young America to imperial Rome aiming to emulate the latter’s greatness (â€Å"Neoclassical architecture,†Ã‚   2006).I definitely believe that architecture can convey a message to the viewer as powerfully as a painting can.   Although it is often called â€Å"frozen music† or â€Å"mute poetry†, it does not mean they are totally void of meanings or implied ideas. They may not be explicit or literal in their message but architecture can still allude to nature.   Notice how the Sydney Opera House in Australia echoes the sails surrounding it. Architecture is unique in that the form cannot be separated from function especially in modern architecture.   The form itself communicates ideas or meanings even in their pristine state.   For example, a horizontal line is associated with a line where earth and sky meets or a reclining figure connotes stability, restfulness, peace.   Warm colors evoke the sun, fire, or summer, whereas cool colors suggest their opposites.ReferencesThe Classical Temple Architecture and Symbols of Washington, DC. N.d. STOPTHERELIGIOUSRIGHT.ORG. Retrieved   04 December 2006 from the World Wide Web:http://community-2.webtv.net/westernmind/WASHINGTONDC/The Federal Style. (n.d.). holycross.edu. Retrieved 04 December 2006 from theWorld Wide Web:   http://www.holycross.edu/departments/classics/wziobro/ClassicalAmerica/federalistintrohp.htmlNeoclassical architecture. (2006). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved December  4, 2006,from Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9373222/Neoclassical-architectureRoman architecture.   Wikipedia: The Free Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04 December2006 from the Web:   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_architecture

Cultural and Ethnic Studies Essay Writing Guide

Cultural and Ethnic Studies Essay Writing Guide When writing an essay on cultural and ethnic studies, it is essential that you familiarize yourself with the subject matter of the essay, identify the right terminologies to use, and have a holistic approach of what the essay will entail. Professors in colleges give essays to scholars in the course of the school period, which is computed with the rest of the semesters course work. Essays in cultural and ethnic studies seek to achieve a specific purpose. Notably, this can be to argue out a particular point or to explain certain stages needed to complete a task. The scholar should write the essay in a clear and systematic way that allows for the easy flow of ideas, which will reveal a proper understanding of the subject matter. The essay should be precise and should be within the guidelines of the professor as defined in cultural and ethnic studies. In some cases, when writing essays in cultural and ethnic studies, the professor might present you with several topics to choose from wher eas, in other cases, you may be allowed to choose a topic for yourself. In such a case, you need to have an understanding of the way to select an ideal topic for your cultural and ethnic studies essay. However, for your professor to test your understanding of different issues in the subject area, he may decide to give you the topics to write. Writing of an essay might be challenging but this cultural and ethnic studies essay guide will help you write your essay with ease. Selecting a Topic for Cultural and Ethnic Studies: Prompts from Our Experts There are various issues that you should consider when choosing a topic for an essay in cultural and ethnic studies. These things include: Length of the paper: an essay in cultural and ethnic studies should have a basis of writing the paper. The subject area is wide and entails various issues that are intertwined with tradition and the various practices that are undertaken by different ethnic groups. Having a wide variety of cultures, it is advisable for the scholar to first determine the length of the paper as a guide to what topic to write about. Given that most essays are supposed to be brief and precise, it is advisable that the paper should be between five hundred and six hundred words. Therefore, it essential to choose a topic area that is narrow so that the essay is not too long and ensure that it does not have gaps and uncoordinated ideas especially when one tries to squeeze a big topic to a small essay. Topic complexity: it is good that you choose a topic that you can handle; in this case, the topic should be within your understanding. Topics in cultural and ethnic studies essays are complex depending on what level of study one is at; for example, there is a difference in the content that is covered in college, undergraduate or postgraduate studies. To reduce the stress level that can be induced by confusion caused by a given topic that you are not conversant with, chose a topic that you are conversant with; in this case, it should be one that you can write about with a lot of ease. Resource availability: look for all the sources of information on the topic of cultural and ethnic issues. The sources can be primary, secondary, or tertiary sources as long as you obtain the required information on cultural and ethnic issues. This is a crucial area in choosing a topic to ensure that you do not choose a topic that has limited sources of information since it will strain you when searching for the information required to write the paper. Prewriting tips you should consider: writing of an essay in cultural and ethnic studies and any other essay might prove to be a problem since most scholars face difficulty in translating ideas and thoughts into systematic words to write in the essay. Therefore, it is important that you clarify confusing and difficult issues before writing the essay. Planning, brainstorming, clustering, and outlining ideas are among the essential pre-writing cultural and ethnic studies essay tips that will ensure that you write an impressive essay in cultural and ethnic studies. These steps in writing of the essay will make it easy for you to arrange your ideas in a systematic way that will help you write a high-quality essay. The topics for the cultural and ethnic studies essays may include: Discuss the difference between xenocentrism and ethnocentrism. Discuss the different symptoms that are associated with interaction with new cultures. Explore the significance of racial identity. What are the different privileges that the whites had in history and still continue to enjoy. Examine the importance of mentoring the less privileged in the society. Planning: this entails properly writing and clearly stating the various issues in the topic chosen for cultural and ethnic studies. Arguments should have a strong basis and offer correct and reliable reference points. Planning for this paper helps an individual to work fast and know what to work on and at what time to work on it. Brainstorming: brainstorming on the topic chosen will help you to arrange your work in a coherent way and increase your understanding of the subject matter. In this way, you will be able to write the paper easily and connect one idea to another. There will be a good flow of ideas in your essay and this will make it easily understandable and enjoyable to any reader that will come across it. Free writing: this entails converting thoughts and ideas into words on a piece of paper. At this point, punctuations and grammar should be considered. However, it is important to note that when free writing, you are supposed to write the work in a formal language that will only require referencing and editing. Clustering: at this point, you gather your ideas together and arrange them in a way that there will be free flow of ideas. Clustering involves simple mind mapping and allows you to explore how ideas you have developed fit together. You can cluster your ideas through writing your cultural and ethnic studies topic at the center of a blank paper and drawing outer circles that you should complete with ideas on your chosen topic. How to Formulate a Thesis Statement A thesis statement summarizes the claim or main point of the essay. It should inform your intended audience the significance of your cultural and ethnic studies subject matter and provide a roadmap for the entire paper. If the essay is about ancient civilizations the thesis statement should provide an argument showing the impact of the ancient civilizations and offer a way to understand the concept. A thesis statement should: make a disputable claim or interpretation, be written as a single sentence at the end of the instruction segment of the introduction to present the writer’s argument, tell the reader your opinion about the essay and what it will prove, serve as the organizing principle of the essay, direct your audience to the major pieces of evidence you will explore in the paper. The body of the essay should organize information and evidence that convince the reader of the logic of your claim in the thesis statement. The following steps help in developing an appropriate thesis statement. Read and compare sources. Gather and organize information found in books, journals, articles, and online sources on the chosen cultural and ethnic studies topic. Look for relationships between ideas and concepts that constitute the topic and analyze the significance of the established relationships. Draft the thesis and consider the counter-arguments. Draft a statement that presents the basic argument of ideas that result from the analyzed sources, and which you are sure to support with scholarly evidence. Since you are likely to take a stand on one side of the chosen argument and ideas, consider the other side of the argument considering that the counterclaims help in refining the thesis statement. This strategy is more effective when writing an argumentative type of essay. Cultural and Ethnic Studies Essay Outline A cultural and ethnic studies essay may be persuasive, informative, or argumentative. Regardless of the type and purpose, the essay’s structure should be well organized, logical, and clear. The outline should entail: Cover page: the cover page text contains name, course, date, and instructor’s name. Some lecturers prefer essays with a cover page while others insist on the omission of the cover title. The formatting style should also dictate whether or not you should include a cover page. Abstract: the abstract in an essay should be brief but it should describe the essay, its content, and its significance. Similar to the cover page, tutor preferences will indicate whether to include an abstract or not. Introduction: The introduction is the first main part of the essay and should begin with a hook and a statement about the essay’s topic. Elements that characterize the introduction include: a short statement of the essay’s objective, thesis, and questions that the essay will answer, a placement of specific cultural and ethnic studies topics in the broader context but in a way that represents the essay’s arguments, a description of relevant and current literature on the subject of analysis, if necessary, a clarification of terms specific to the cultural and ethnic studies discourse. Body: The body of your essay should present a synthesis of the paper’s research and provide information about the paper’s topic to broaden the reader’s understanding of the issue you are exploring. The structure of the body segment depends on the goal of your essay. Consequently, no permanent conventions dictate aspects that need to be discussed or the manner in which they should be analyzed. Important Elements of the Body Section Divide the body text into segments and subsections that represent main ideas and supporting evidence. Each unique idea or argument should be in its own paragraph. Take note that a paragraph should have a minimum of four sentences. Use the paragraphs and topic sentences to develop your paper’s argument comprehensively and without repetition. Provide evidence for your arguments by quoting existing literature on selected cultural topics pertinent to the essay. If the paper is argumentative, quote certain claims and contrast them with your opinion or disapprove the claims. Do not forget to provide reasons for disapproving a claim. Reference all the analogous and literal text and idea quotations. In cases where further clarification and comments are needed but their inclusion in the text would disrupt the paper’s fluidity, insert the content as footnotes. However, the presence of the footnotes will depend on the essay’s specified writing convention. The composition of your text should be clear and logically comprehensible, and the structure will depend on aspects unique to the chosen cultural and ethnic studies topic. Provide reasons for your idea and criticisms instead of summarizing existing literature and gathering quotations. Moreover, only provide information that is relevant to the understanding of your essay issue. Conclusion: The conclusion should restate your thesis and summarize your main points of evidence for the reader. You should restate the topic briefly and explain why it is important and ensure that it is concise and clear. Restate the thesis statement, but not in the same words that were used in the introduction. Importantly, it should be narrowed and focused on your cultural and ethnic studies topic. Post-Writing Tips Proofread. The essay is not complete until you have proofread to correct grammar, sentence structure, and content errors. While all the errors can be corrected at a go during the first proofreading attempt, it is important to read through the paper twice or thrice to check for specific issues at each period. For instance, go through the paper to check grammatical errors and sentence structure mistakes. On the second reading attempt, read the paper aloud to point out incoherent contents and sentence structures. Furthermore, assess the term paper for content meaning, coherence, and logical flow of ideas and supporting evidence. Finally, ensure the paper is free of nested sentences, passive constructions, and unreferenced content.

Life long learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Life long learning - Essay Example Through information technology, people can improve the availability and quality of education at all levels. Life-long learning makes it possible for individuals to acquire knowledge on some of the new research or experiments available for the technical field. In the field of information technology (IT), individuals can learn virtually. Achieving this ability is possible by using electronic tools such as personal computers and accessing the internet. These electronic tools create some form of flexibility since people can choose to learn anytime at any place they choose without experiencing social status, time and venue constraints (Osorio, Arthur, & Adrie 36). Institutions of higher education can make use of advancements in communication technologies to offer learning opportunities to individuals outside the traditional classrooms. It is possible to achieve this consideration by using the e-learning platform. In this case, people should consider e-learning as supportive to the traditional learning methods such as the classroom environment. When educational institutions implement e-learning initiatives, they unite the process of conventional and distance education. Such a consideration will make it possible for interested individuals to ex pand their knowledge in the field of information technology. Through e-learning, it will also be possible for a person to keep up-to-date with technical developments. Osorio, Javier, Arthur Tatnall, and Adrie Visscher.  Information Technology and Educational Management in the Knowledge Society: 6th International Working Conference on Information Technology in Educational Management (item), July 11-15, 2004, Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Spain. New York, NY: Springer, 2005.

Gender studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender studies - Essay Example ough the work of Beauvoir is influenced by Sartre, one such unique facet has keep herself isolated from the style of Sartre and that is her generosity which is the focus of Beauvoir’s ethical position. Passion and extremism have made this book the significant as well as original. (The Philosophy of Simone de Beauvoir, Gendered Phenomenology, Erotic Generosities) points out the different sources of Beauvoir’s philosophical positions. Bergoffen in the above book has analyzed two streams of thoughts i.e. two voices. One is dominant philosophical and existential while the other is muted voice which operates as the margins of Beauvoir’s primary philosophical identity. Here we are going to study the theme of sexual relationship of man and woman from different feminist’s writers’ point of view. Man and woman relationship has been the engrossing subject of study and many philosophers and critics. The aim of this topic is to discuss and compare the platonic love with the love from modern feminist point of view. In this topic we have considered the different perspectives of love from different writers and philosophers. Plato’s philosophical work called ‘Symposium’ discusses this theme through very thought provoking dialogues. It is a conversation and a type of debate which is happening between Socrates and a lady called Diotima. Here she explains the extent of love. Diotima is very philosophical and abstract in her view and she has exalted attitudes towards love. According to her love between man and woman is divine and very beautiful. ‘It is immortality in a mortal creature.’ (â€Å"Symposium† page 49) Diotima opines that the real object of sexuality is to give birth. Sexual love is the medium which Nature uses for this same purpose. T hus the purpose of love is very noble and that is the reproduction. While describing about the difference between physical beauty and intellectual beauty Diotima argues that intellectuality plays a vital role. The person

Why do some survivors of domestic abuse maintain a relationship with Essay

Why do some survivors of domestic abuse maintain a relationship with their abusive partner - Essay Example It results in acute medical conditions such as multiple injuries to the face, head, neck, breast, or abdomen, and in chronic conditions such as headaches, abdominal pain, pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction (Campbell, 2002; Ellsberg, 1997; Gelles & Straus (1998) R.J. Gelles and M.A. Straus, The medical and psychological costs of family violence. In: M.A. Straus and R.J. Gelles, Editors, Physical violence in American families—Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8145 families, Transaction Publishers, New Brumswick [USA] & London [UK] (1998), pp. 425–430.Gelles & Straus, 1998; Goodman, Koss, & Russo, 1993; Karol, Micka, & Kuskowski, 1992; Martin & Younger-lewis, 1997; Nduna & Goodyear, 1997). Intimate partner violence is also associated with lowered self-esteem and lowered self-perception of health by the victims (Amoakohene, 2004; Baker, 1997; Ellsberg, Caldera, Herrera, Winkvist, & Kullgren, 1999; McCauley et al., 1995; Skupien, 1998). Partner abuse has serious reproductive health consequences, including inability to use a contraceptive method at all or consistently, unwanted pregnancy, and increased levels of sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. Even the period of pregnancy is not protective (Blaney, 1998; Diop-Sidibà ©, 2001; Gazmararian et al., 2000; Jejeebhoy, 1998; Maman, 2000; Letourneau, Holmes, & Chasedunn-Roark, 1999; Martin et al., 1999; Parsons, Goodwin, & Petersen, 2000; Rickert, Wiemann, Harrykissoon, Berenson, & Kolb, 2002; Sharps & Campbell, 1998). Of course the most extreme physical consequences of this type of violence are death of the victim, by suicide or homicide, and homicide against the perpetrator (Breiting et al, 1989; Wilson & Daly, 1994). Although the associations of IPV and detrimental health outcomes have been well established in research from industrialized countries, they have seldom been studied in developing countries. Similarly, despite the fact that IPV against men is kn own to occur in the USA,

Current event to American Politicis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current event to American Politicis - Essay Example At this current point in American history where the nation, for the first time ever, has a female speaker of the house and will probable witness Hilary Rodham Clinton as a serious contender for the 2008 Democratic Party's presidential nomination, the status of women in politics needs to be examined more closely. Engaging in precisely such an examination, Robin Toner suggests that, insofar as public political life is concerned, femininity is both an advantage and a disadvantage; an advantage because of its appeal to a wider political base and a disadvantage because of the persistency of gender stereotypes. Within the context of political life, women are advantaged by their gender. As Toner (2007) asserts, many female politicians promote a tough image even as they project a maternal one. The implication here is that they are capable of being as strong and as tough on the issues as are the male politicians but, have a better understanding of familial and societal values. Accordingly, they have it within them to both protect the country and look towards the future of its children.

The Nature and Basis of Economic Growth

The Nature and Basis of Economic Growth Mahnoor Hussain Sadia Gondal Suha Qasim Memon SZABIST Before the Second World War, the idea of development was influenced by principles of free market economy. In the middle third of the twentieth century, the phenomenon prevailed that the main responsibility of the economic development depends on the government of the country. So accordingly, if a particular country is economically backward or underdeveloped, then the government is to be blamed. Hence, it is the government’s responsibility to catch up with the progress (the idea of convergence was introduced back then). This belief developed mainly because of Russia. During that time, Russia (former USSR) was a communist state, where the role of government was greatest. Private sector had minimal role in the economy. Private and public goods were provided by the government. Government had the sole responsibility of providing welfare of the public. The greater the national self-consciousness, the greater will be economic backwardness of a country. It is also believed that the colonial powers were behind the economic backwardness of the dependent, colonized countries for the reason that these territories did not carry out an effective economic policy, inactivity was the part of the colonizer’s general policy. Greater economic activity in the quest of economic growth was common amongst metropolitan, colonial and post-colonial countries. Our concern would be on the consequences faced by the federalist states who were inspired by the greater economic growth pursuit. The consequences are categorized into financial and economic. Economic aspect of the consequence includes those things which cannot be reduced to the financial side of the consequences. The distinction between the two is necessary but neither of the aspects stressed upon the fact that arise in federations are peculiar to federations. Nor either of the consequence is a product of effective development policy – they were recognized, by every means, in the early times. The role of government was minimal. The problems that emerged out of the two heads were indeed separable, though each of them was intensified differently by the active development policy. Beginning with the financial aspect of the consequences: the economic problems were thought of as a part of the financial side. Moreover there was just one approach to development that conceived both the term as one term. Normally, economists differentiate a poor and rich country by the difference in the capital per capita (capital supply per head of population, k=K/L). With the help of this indicator, the stepping up of the rate of capital accumulation is evaluated.. It is difficult for poor country to get much from voluntary savings, hence, as an alternative; a compulsory saving is done through the states budget. Old style public services, along with the new development expenditure are financed through taxation. Funds raised through budget surpluses can be directly utilized into a nationalised industry or indirectly into a private industry. Indirect utilization of funds will be through development banks and other developmental institutions. Apparently, newly self-governed regions tend to have experience a history of restrictive government activities. Such territories spend a larger share on development projects like expenditure on the provision of transport, health and education. Development expenditures have a certain share allocated in government budget, and most of the time, such expenditures are through tax collections. The main difference between old style public expenditure and social expenditure is that the benefits/positive externalities of the former expenditure are shared by the whole society whereas the benefits/positive externalities of the latter expenditure are shared amongst a relative portion of the society. Development has a relatively skewed impact on a respective society. Some parts of the territory are considerably better off than the rest, in the form of wealth and other goods so the question arises whether the richer territories should be allowed to enjoy higher standards of social expenditure or a uniform/standard form of expenditures should prevail all over the country. This type of problems emerges in unitary as well as federal states. There is a presumption that uniformity is inevitable in a unitary state because there are no government rights. But it should be noticed that there is a clash between the privileges and general philosophy of economic development. Several different forms of social expenditures are adopted by the regional and local administration authority. If these social expenditures are financed by the regional or local government finances, then the wealthier areas would be better off than the poorer areas, in the respect of higher standards of living and greater capability of taxing. The demand for social expenditure is not high, in other words, the concept of social expenditure is not fully developed, and therefore this problem is of acute importance. It should be noted that this is not the case for different countries; some countries are dependent and aware of the concept of social expenditures. Rise in the demand for social expenditure would change the situation. This condition partly depends upon the resource sharing between federal, provincial and local governments. Sometimes, federal government does not have enough resources to spend on social expenditures, that is, when the provincial and local governments can finance such expenditures. But there are certain strict administrative reasons that call for as general rule that the federal government should have a stronger position in the administrative structure, as well as, in the resource distribution. Tax administration is very expensive and difficult task. It is useless to impose taxation on high income individuals if they lesser in quantity. Provincial and local government cannot provide social expenditures solely from their resources. Federal grants are allocated for the purpose of financing social expenditures. Once this is approved, the grant distribution needs to be decided. When deciding the grant distribution, the questions over local inequality are placed. There are still differing opinions over the kind of grants that is neutral, neither de-equalizing nor equalizing in nature (United States of America is a perfect example for welfare grants). From one point of view, welfare grants on the basis of population is neutral (grants equal per head of population), because firstly, the richer areas are given the free will to secure/expand their high standards from their own resources and secondly, this way the poorer regions would be relatively better off with higher standards, which they could not have achieved through their own pool of resources. In reality, this policy on the basis of population is not in any case equalizing, such that it can be called as a general philosophy of development. Higher weightage should be given to poorer regions in order to equalize the effect. Such equalization policies can only be practiced in the light of national unity and greater political power of the poorer areas, otherwise, policies would never be translated into action. Federal government is indicated as prima facie, that is, unity does not exist in federal government. So if this type of equalization is adopted, then it means that the federal government is out of commission. Importance should be placed on determining the size of richer region, whether they are small or large. If the size of richer region is small, it depicts that the country is underdeveloped. Moreover, smaller regions put serious constraints on the equalization. In loose federations, where national unity is weak, equalization on the basis of population remains unacceptable. As richer areas tend to pay more (greater proportion in the central tax collection), therefore they demand greater share in the equalization grants (principle of derivation). This principle will only benefit the rich and make them relatively better off. As a result, inequality will prevail between the richer and poorer regions. Derivation principle is not easily carried out. Now, coming to the non-financial aspect of development: more prominent than the financial aspect of development. Social expenditures, let alone, cannot be regard as the only source of development. Social development has its repercussions if it only focuses on the social aspect, rather a balance of both. For instance, improvement in health facilities will raise the population level and improvement in education will create intellectual proletariat. In order to sustain development, it is important that it based on productivity, for instance, by expansion of productive activities, besides yielding a surplus over the cost of production. The initial financing of productive activities is general and not difficult, while the expansion can be from the profits earned. As governmental institutions dont earn profits, expansion for them is difficult. The productive activities should follow the comparative advantage principle. A country should expand its operation in the industry where they comparatively better so that greater share of profits are acquired. Natural advantage can be either in mineral resources or climatic conditions. Government policies should be adopted in a way that it exploits the benefit out these natural advantages. For example, New Zealand was able to enjoy higher standards of living only by developing policies that favoured their natural advantage (natural resources). Same was the case of Malaysia (comparative advantage in rubber), oil and other resource rich countries. Large supply of natural resources and per head population is a prerequisite of this phenomenon. Typically, underdeveloped countries have a large supply of labour in relation to the land supply. Hence, labour availability is the main beneficiary that it offers. Countries with large supply of labour have lower labour costs. Cheap labour results in low labour costs resulting in lower production costs. Although it is a sign an underdevelopment, cheaper labour confer a comparative advantage over the developed countries where the cost of labour is comparatively high. If industries are built on this low labour cost principle, with time they can attain efficiency and accumulate capital, which will later when the labour costs are no longer low. (Japan is the perfect example of this textbook cum practical procedure). Cheap labour are usually unskilled, therefore, they are more suitable for unskilled, mechanical work. Training them would raise the employers cost. Even if these obstacles are not present, a general obstacle prevails: absence of economies of scale. Protectionism is very common amongst the underdeveloped countries because of the prevalence of infant industries. High rate tariffs are imposed in order to discourage purchases of imports by making them more expensive than domestic, home-produced goods. When setting up industries, it is important that the location and the nature of industry are taken into consideration. For instance, weight gaining good should be near the factor of production, while weight losing good should be near the factory outlet. For example, cement is an example of weight gaining good. Moreover, it is stated that you cannot find any empirical evidences of a country that has industrialised itself, without the aid of infant industry protection and special raw material (natural) advantage. Applying protectionism through the restriction of imports is inevitable if only if, the country demands imported goods. Otherwise, its application is worthless. Prior to the protectionism, the importing country must be financing the foreign good through the exports. Let’s take an example of a country where the export industry is already developed. if the industry was built during the colonial times, then there are high chances that it was built during the free trade times (capitalist economy) and must have exploited the natural resources. Apparently, the country would be based on a primary industry, such as mining or agriculture. The wages earned by the labour and the profits generated by the entrepreneurs would have been spent on imported goods. Otherwise, the industry would have financed through external sources (profits transferred abroad). The balance of payment equalized, without affecting the country’s economy. Apart from when the local labour is attracted to work in the export industry, the impact on the situation would be slight.

Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Cloning In the past few years, the topic of cloning has been in the news a lot. It is a very controversial issue, with many opposing viewpoints. While some find it acceptable, others object for religious reasons. A big concern is the possibility of abuse of this new technology. One of the big questions is "Where will we stop?" We may start by just experimenting and studying, but then what? Manufacturing human bodies for spare parts? No one can be sure where it will stop. The Supreme court says that everyone has the right to make their own reproductive decisions without government interference, but now it is proposing bans on human cloning. These bans prevent the very research needed to make cloning safe (Eibert). So, it seems that the government is not giving human cloning a chance. There are many benefits to cloning in the fields of fertility, organ transplants, and fighting disease. Although there are many benefits, the possible effects and moral considerations are too great for us to cont inue experimentation. Â  Benefits One of the major benefits of cloning technology is improvement in the field of fertility. In vitro fertilization only has a success rate of about 10%. To improve effectiveness, doctors could clone embryos, and the success rate could drastically increase (Masci 413). Another benefit in the field of fertility is that parents unable to conceive naturally, even with in vitro, or people too old to conceive, could still have a genetically related child (Masci 413-414). With cloning, egg and sperm would not be necessary for reproduction, because any body cell would work (Eibert). The resulting offspring would actually be a replica of one parent (Masci 413-414). Other benefits to using cloning come in the field of fighting disease. When genes are not in use, they become dormant. In order for cloning to take place, all genes must be active. Discovering how genes are turned on and off could lead to treatment for different cancers (Masci 414). Cloning could also revolutionize the field of organ transplant. Organs and bone marrow could be cloned and used for transplant. Thousands of people die waiting for transplants, so this could save many lives. In addition, the organs used in the transplant could come from the same patient, reducing the risk of rejection by the body (Masci 414). To treat heart attack victims, doctors could clone healthy heart cells and inject them into damaged areas of the heart (Masci 415).

Serial Killers in Modern America

In today’s society, America is a dangerous place for people to walk alone. We have definitely had our share of serial killers over the years. We have had the Harpes brothers in the 1800’s to the more modern day Jeffrey Dahmer. A serial killer in the United States is defined by Congress as â€Å"someone who murders a minimum of three or more people. † (Harris) Three-quarters of the world’s total serial killers have done their killing in the United States. True crime writers often claim that America’s first serial killer was H. H.Homes, but there were actually several before him. The first documented serial killers were two brothers named Micajah and Wiley Harpe. These two killed people for two reasons and they were for fun and profit. These two were notorious for their cut-throat ways, and the other outlaws were scared of them. (Ramsland) They terrorized the Natchez Trace which is known today as the Natchez Trace Parkway. Not much is known about the early history of the Harpes’, but they terrified everyone they came across. The Harpes even slaughtered two of their own children each. Ramsland) For a brief period of time the Harpes traveled with a group of river pirates who were merely concerned with enriching themselves. As you can imagine they did quite well at that. However, these pirates never intended for any physical harm to come to their victims, but the Harpes had other intentions. The incident that caused the Harpes to be kicked out of the group was when they tied a naked flatboat passenger to a blindfolded horse and sent it over a cliff. (Ramsland) From this point on that group of pirates referred to the two as â€Å"men turned into wolves. †Micajah Harpe admitted to a number of murders, but he said that there was only one that he was remorseful for, and that was the murder of his own child. His reason behind killing his own child was because the baby’s crying annoyed him. (Ramsland) Micajah would e nd up being killed by a pack of wolves, and Wiley was hung on February 8, 1804. The first documented serial killer was H. H. Holmes which made his mark on the 19th century by committing over 27 murders. (Kade)He was born, Herman Webster Mudgett in 1861. He started off as a very unruly child who enjoyed being cruel to animals. He would do most of his killing his hotel that was icknamed Murder Castle. The actual name of this hotel was never recorded. He used an advertisement to lure people that were going to attend Chicago’s World Columbian Exposition in 1893. Back in those day lodging was a hard thing to come by, so this allowed Holmes all the victims he wanted. His preference was blond females that he put through torture rituals. He would brutalize them and then incinerate them. He even sold some of the skeletons of his victims. No one ever suspected anything from him, because he had charm and good looks. It was until after Holmes’ execution that investigators would le arn more about what he had done.Some of the victims were locked up in soundproof rooms that had gas lines that would allow him to asphyxiate any victim at any time. (Kade) There were also some locked in a large soundproof bank vault and suffocated to death. Holmes was even quoted saying, â€Å"I was born with the devil in me. I could not help the fact that was a murderer, no more than the poet can help the inspiration to sing. I was born with the â€Å"Evil One† standing as my sponsor beside the bed where I was ushered into the world, and he has been with me since. † Now we fast forward to 1974 when women were vanishing from college campuses around the Washington and Oregon area.There was a 21 year old radio announcer named Lynda Ann Healy that was among the ones that went missing. Then in July of 1974 two women were seen wondering off with Ted towards his sailboat and were never seen again. Around this same time there was a grave yard of bones discovered in a Washingt on forest that would later be identified as some of the women that had went missing in the Washington and Utah areas. It was then that investigators from both areas were able to come up with a profile and a sketch of the man named Ted. (Montaldo)In August of 1975, Bundy was stopped for a driving violation, and when the officers searched his car they found a number of items such as, handcuffs, crowbar, and pantyhose with eye holes cut in them. He was then arrested on suspicion of burglary. Upon further examination of the things found in Bundy’s car the police realized that they matched items that one of the girls he attacked described seeing. This same girl identified the handcuffs as the ones that were fastened around one of her wrists and she picked him out of a line-up. Bundy then went to trial for the attempted kidnapping of Carol DaRonch in February of 1976 and was found guilty.For this case he was sentenced to 15 years in prison, and in October of 1976 he was charged wit h the murder of Carolyn Campbell. Bundy was extradited from Utah to Colorado for the trial. He would then be his own lawyer, which gave him a little freedom to move around the courtroom and the law library that was inside of the courthouse. In June of 1977 during his pre-trial hearing Bundy escaped by jumping out a window in the law library, only to be captured a week later. This would not be the end of Bundy’s escapes either. He did it again on December 30 and made it to Tallahassee, Florida.He got himself and apartment near the university using the name Chris Hagen. (Montaldo) He paid his way at a local college bars with stolen credit cards and when he got bored he would sneak into the lecture halls just to listen. On January 14 Ted Bundy would break into a Chi Omega sorority house and kill two women, and brutally raped one of them. He even beat two other women that managed to survive. The reason that they survived was because their fellow roommate came home. At around 3 a. m. Nita Neary came home and saw that the door was open, and as she entered the house she heard footsteps upstairs. Montaldo) She then went upstairs to find two of her roommates dead and the other two were severely beaten. Later that night another woman would be attacked, but the police would find a mask on her floor that would match the one found in Bundy’s car later. In February of 1978, Bundy kidnapped and mutilated a 12 year old girl named Kimberly Leach. Bundy was arrested again within a week of her disappearance for driving a stolen vehicle. Witnesses were able to place him at the dorm and at Leach’s school. There was also physical evidence that would link him with the murders.Among this evidence was a mold that was made from the bite marks found on one of the victims. Bundy went on trial in 1979 for the murders that happened at the sorority house and was found guilty. He received two sentences for death by electric chair. Then in January of 1980 he would go to t rial for the murder of Kimberly Leach. He actually had lawyers for this case and they tried going for an insanity plea. Bundy called Carol Boone as a character witness and even married her while she was on the witness stand. He called her as a witness because she believed in his innocence, and would later give birth to a little girl that Bundy adored.They were later divorced after she realized that he had actually done all the crimes he was accused of. Ted Bundy died on January 24, 1989 at 7:13 a. m. So why did all these people do what they did? Obviously that all had some reason for doing it and Ted Bundy said that his reason for doing it was because of all the pornography that he was subject to at such a young age. Other serial killers like Jeffrey Dahmer blamed it on being born with a part of him missing. John Wayne Gacy claimed that his victims deserved to die.One would have to think that they were insane for doing what they did, but most of them are rational and calculating pre dators. (Scott)I think that Denis Nilsen, the British version of Jeffrey Dhamer, put it best when he said, â€Å"a mind can be evil without being abnormal. † References Bibliography Harris, William R. Serial Killer Psychology. 2011. Web. 26 October 2012. . Intentional Homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. 2012. Web. 26 October 2012. Kade, Asher. Murder Castle: The Maze-Like Lair of the World's First Serial Killer. 011. Web. 26 October 2012. ;http://www. environmentalgraffiti. com/bizarre/news-hh-holmes-inside-castle-first-true-serial-killer? image=1;. Montaldo, Charles. Serial Killer Ted Bundy. n. d. Web. 26 October 2012. ;http://crime. about. com/od/serial/p/tedbundy2. htm;. Ramsland, Kahterine. America's First Serial Killers. 2011. Web. 26 October 2012. . Scott, Shirley Lynn. What Makes Serial Killers Tick. n. d. Web. 26 October 2012. .

Assess the view that in todays society the family

Assess the view that in todays society the family is losing its functions (24 Marks) According to functionalists the family has lost its functions, functionalism claim there is integration and harmony between different parts of society which rely upon each other to maintain a cooperating society. Functionalists view the family as vital organs in maintaining society, functionalism concentrates on the contribution of the family towards society and how the family fits with other social institutions to create and efficient society.Functionalists like Murdock argues that the family has four main unctions; reproduction as the family provides some stability for the reproduction and rearing of children, economic as the family provides for the family in terms of food and shelter, sexual and socialisation. Murdock regards these functions as necessary in any society; he suggests the nuclear family was found in every society however it is not the only form of arrangement that can carry these fun ctions out.For functionalists the family â€Å"fulfils a number of important functions for individuals and society such as the socialisation of children and the stabilisation of adult ersonalities† Functionalists like Parsons and Dennis argue that in contemporary society many of the functions performed by the family and pre industrialised society has been removed from the family. Many argue that â€Å"these functions are being taken over by other institutions† and that these have been transferred to other institutions for example the NHS as well as the education and welfare system.Parsons refers to this as structural differentiation and he also claimed that is process has meant that modern more specialised families now only have two main basic needs; Primary socialisation of children and stabilisation of adult personalities. However many sociologists argue against claims made my Parsons and Dennis, some argue that the family has not lost its functions. Fletcher and Sho rter 1966 deny that the family has lost its functions in contemporary society.They suggest that during pre industrial and early industrial society poverty meant that functions such as welfare and education were not effectively carried out. Children were often neglected and male peasants didn't care for their wives but more about their animals. Fletchers argues that the family has now more note fewer functions placed on it for example the ealth and welfare functions of the family have been strengthened by welfare state and parents now are more preoccupied with their children's health.Social services with their powers now intervene in family cases if there are reports or suspicions of child neglect and this has increased the responsibilities of parents rather than discouraging them. Feminism however disagrees with the view that the family has lost its economic role of a unit of production and argue that it has become a unit of consumption. They also majority of home work is productive but it not recognised as uch because it is unpaid and usually done by women. They argue that the economic contribution made by women is underestimated.Radical feminist Christine Delphine and Dianna Leonard 1992 argues that some functions of production have been lost but others are pretormed to a higher standard than the past tor example washing, ironing and cleaning as â€Å"family life is much less stable than it was in the past†. A traditional function of the family is the reproduction and nurturing of children being seen as the main reason for marriage as a means of passing on family property and roviding a future workforce. However this has changed as there has been an increase in the number of people having sexual relations before marriage and out of marriage.Another traditional function of the family was industrialisation and the growth of factory production in Britain, the family was a unit of production which meant the family home was also a work place. Children woul d learn the skills needed for life from their elders and they often followed their parents footsteps in life. However this has changed as well as since the 19th century work has moved outside he home to factories and offices. Families no longer produce the goods they need they go out instead to work and earn wages to but the goods.These skills needed can no longer be learnt from the family but rather in a place of work or education. Occupations are less likely to be achieved by kinship but instead by individual merits. Lastly the family traditionally played an important role in caring for children however before the twentieth century most children were poorly looked after due to poverty. This has now changed as the modern family gets more help in caring for children hrough a range of state welfare services and growing numbers of care services such as play groups and nurseries.All the writers tend to think in terms of the family without differentiating between different family types. Graham Allan and Graham Crow 2001 argue that attempts to identify the functions of the family can be criticised because of the functionalist ‘one size fits' approach. Postmodernists and different feminists reject this view that there is one single family type which always performs certain functions. This makes it difficult to measure functions of society.